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Patented Apr. l8, I899.

A. MOUGIN.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP- (Application filed Oct. 21, was.

4 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Modal.)

WITNESSES:

THE "cams P 'lTERS 120.. moroumou WASMING'YON. u. c.

Patented Apr. l8, I899.

A. MUUGIN.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

(Application filed Oct. ax. 1598. (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented Apr. I8, |a99. A. mouem.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

(Application flled Oct. 21, 189B.

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

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No. 623,329. Patented Apr. I8, I899. A. MOUGIN.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

(Application filed. Oct. 21, 1898.)

(No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 4.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ADOLPIIE MoUeiN, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 623,329, dated April 18, 1899.

Application filed October 21, 1898. Serial No. 694,172. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ADOLPHE MOUGIN, engineer, a citizen of the Republic of France, and a resident of Paris, France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Electric-Arc Lamps, which are fully set forth in the following specification.

This invention relates to an arc-lamp of a novel construction having a permanent source of light and capable of being operated in any position by means of either continuous or alternating currents.

The invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which an arc-lam p constructed in accordance with my invention is represented by way of example.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the complete lamp. Fig. 2 isa sec: tion of the binding screw or post admitting current to the lamp. Fig. 3 is a detail section illustrating the arrangement for supplying the upper-carbon holder with current. Fig. 4 illustrates the method of connection of the uppercarbon holder with the endless chain from which the carbon-holders receive The necessary motion, the lower-carbon holder being connected to the chain in a like manner. Fig. 5 is an elevation at right angles to Fig. 1, showing the details of construction of the lower-carbon holder; Figs. 6 and 7, enlarged elevations showing all the working parts of the lamp in detail. Fig. 8 isaplan. Fig. 0 is simply a diagram of electrical connections illustrative of the course followed by the current though the several parts of the lamp. Fig. 10 shows, upon an enlarged scale, the regulator whereby the clockwork which sets the carbons in motion is made to start or stop automatically. Fig. 11 is a sectional side elevation of a modified form of regulating device, and Fig. 12 is a detail end View thereof.

The essential feature of my lamp is the clockwork, which consists of a barrel A, secured to a spindle or arbor a, Fig. 6, and inclosing an ordinary spiral or main spring, one end of which is attached to the inner periphery of the barrel, while its other end is integral with a tube concentric with the spindle a and secured to the pillar-plate. The spring in the first instance exercises its pressure upon the barrel, which serves to bend such spring by means of the set of ratchet-teeth A, with which it is provided for the purpose. The impulse thus produced is transmitted to the first wheel B of one hundred and twenty teeth through the medium of a click or catch wherewith the said Wheel is provided, such wheel being loose upon the spindle a. This wheel'operates the first pinion Z), having eight teeth and mounted upon the spindle of a wheel Z) having eighty-four teeth. The wheel 1) gears with a second pinion 1), pro vided with eight teeth and mounted 011 the same spindle with a wheel b, having also I eightyfour teeth, and this last-mentioned Wheel is in gear with the last pinion B, having seven teeth. Upon the spindle there is also mounted a wheel C, with pegs or sprockets c.

Given the number of teeth or relative pitch of the several gear-wheels thus far described, we obtain eighteen hundred and ninety revolutions of the sprocket-wheel O to every revolntion of the spring-barrel arbor. It is obvious, however, that it is by no means absolntely necessary to adhere strictly to these relative dimensions, which may be varied at will to meet requirements of each case.

The complete clockwork just described is inclosed between two pillar-plates D D, Fig. 7, connected by three like pillars D D D, Fig. 6, the last of which, D serves as a seat for a soft-iron armature d, secured to it in any suitable manner. The spring-barrel arbor or spindle a extends beyond the pillarplates D D, Fig. 7, and such arbor or spindle is supported by two other rigid plates E E, the whole of the mechanism described above being arranged to turn or swing thereon. Between the two plates D and E there is mounted upon the spindle or arbor a a toothed pinion E, over which there passes an endless pitch-chain (or other chain) E such chain, furthermore, passing over guidepulleys c e e c, Fig. 1, to do which it extends downward through the tubes F F, Fig. l, or instead of a pitch-chain or other chain any flexible tie-piece may be adopted, in which case, however, there should be snbstituted for the pinion E a pulley roller or sheave with one or more grooves. Between the two hollow pillars F and F, through which passes the endless chain E the carbon-holders are arranged.

The upper-carbon holder G is connected with the endless chain I on the left-hand side, Fig l, while the lower-carbon holder G joins the said chain on the right-hand side.

The method of connection of the carbonholders with the endless chain is illustrated in Fig. i. Each carbon'holder is titted with a bridge g, into which is screwed a rod g, Fig. 4, passing through one of the links of the chain E I11 order to enable the carbon-holders to move along the pillars F F, they are provided with friction-rollers M, and, further, in order to permit the said carbon-holders to travel along the said hollow pillars F F more readily such pillars are provided with a suitable internal groove ff, in which corresponding pins or studs g are adapted to slide, the groove f extending over the upper half of the left-hand pillar F, Fig. 1, whereas the groove fis situated in the lower half of the right-hand pillar.

The lower-carbon holder G is not insulated from the rest of the mechanism, while the upper-carbon holder is insulated in the following manner: It consists of a socket or sleeve I, Fig. 3, separated from the metal part I by a washer of insulating material I. From the socket I a screw I extends through the part G of the carbon-holder, which, however, it does not touch, and the upper part of such screw enters a current-receiving part 11, which is insulated from the part G by a plate 1? of the same insulating material of which the plate i is made. At the binding-post i there terminates the wire 1. It will therefore be seen that the current arriving through this wire must go directly through the central screw 1 to the upper-carbon holder without becoming dispersed among the other parts of the mechanism. I

- In view of the method adopted for connecting the carbon-holders G G with the endless chain IE, it will be readily understood that the motion of the chain in the direction of the arrow 2, Fig. 1, will have the effect of removing the carbon-holders from each other, while whenever the said chain travels in the direction of the arrow 3, Fig. 1, the effect will be to bring the cz'u'bon-holders closer together, and the said carbon-holders are thus moved closer together through the agency of the clockwork operated by the sprin g-barrehwhile the opposite movement of the carbon-holders away from each other when the lamp is being lighted is brought about by the starting-electromagnet K, the windings of which, comprised in the arccircuit, are traversed by a powerful current whenever the carbon points meet. hen this is the case, the electromagnet K attracts its soft-iron armature (Z, Figs. 1 and 6, and the entire clockwork swings around upon its arbor 1/, together with the pinion E, which accordingly performs a slight rotary movement in the direction of the arrow 4, Fig. (3, the ett'ect of such rotation or oscillation being to move the two carbons tor a little distance apart, since the direction of such rotation corresponds to a move ment of the chain E, in the direction of the arrow 9, Fig. 1. Normally while the arma' ture (l is not attracted the clockwork rests against an adjustable arresting-screw, by which means the amplitude of the oscillation of the clockwork may be varied, and consequently the initial length of the are adjusted.

Farther on I will describe the regulator arrangement, which whenever required arrests the clockwork or starts it afresh, as the case may be; but for the present I will examine the course pursued by the current as it flows through the lamp.

The current enters the lamp through the wire 5, terminating at the insulated bindingpost L, as shown in Fig. 9. It then passes through the starting-electromagnet K, Figs. 1 and t5, and flows through the wire 1 into the upper-carbon holder. After this it passes through the lower-carbon holder into the body of the lamp and leaves the same through the post L', which is in electrical connection with such body. As soon as the current has thus passed through the lamp and while the upper and lower carbons are touching the electromagnet K is traversed by a very powerful current, so that it attracts its armature (Z. The whole clockwork accordingly oscillates on its spindle a, and the pinion E performs a slight rotary movement in the direction of the arrow t, Fig. (3, owing to which movement the two carbons have now moved away from each other for a little distance, and the are being formed the lamp comes into operation.

The regulating process above referred to is as follows: On the spindle Zthere is adapted to oscillate atlier or pallet Z, having a stud Z, Fig. 7, at one end. The arrangement of this stud is such that normally while the lamp is in operation the armature (Z is attracted by the starting-electromagnet K. It takes up its position between two consecutive sprockets c of the wheel C, thereby checking any oscillatory motion of the clockwork and maintaining the carbons at the same distance from each other. The end of the pallet I is located above the nucleus or core M of an electromagnet wound with fine wire 3i, connected in parallel with the main circuit, the said fine-wire coil being to this end connected by the wire (Fig. 7) to the binding-post M, insulated from the body of the lamp, and connected to the wire 1, while the wire T, on the other hand, connects the said coil to the body of the lamp.

hen in consequence of the wear of the carbons the resistance of the lamp increases, the currentpassing through the electromagnet M in derivation on parallel increases in amount or amperage,so that presently the con- H becomes sutliciently magnetized to attract the pallet Z, by which time the sprocket-wheel IIO will have been released,beingno longer in con tact with the stud Z". Hence the clockwork will start revolving in the direction opposite to that of the arrow, 4-, and the carbons will be drawn nearer together. The moment the resistance met with by the current becomes normal again in consequence of this proximity of the carbonsi. e. when that de- Qree of resistance is restored to which the lamp has been setthe current in the parallel connection of the coil M will decrease in amount and the pallet Z will be brought back to its original position under the action of-the spiral springP, which controls it and which is shown in Fig. 10. Thus the lamp will operate automatically and continue regulating itself until the last stage of wear of the carbons is reached.

The arrangements for the control of the tlierl' simply consist of a spiral spring P, one end of which rests upon the spindle Z and the other upon the inner edge of a case P, by the rotation of which the spring P may be compressed more or less. it will be understood that what should be regulated in the lamp iirst of all is precisely the power which this spring P is to display in its action upon the sleeve or case P, so as to obtain a length of are corresponding to the current consumed.

From the foregoing remarks it will be clear that the operation of my lamp mechanism is independent of the law of gravitation and that my lamp may in consequence operate in any desired position, the only manipulation necessary after the lamp has once been fitted in its place being the exchange of the carbons previously worn away.

To substitute fresh carbons for those which have to be discarded through wear, it is only necessary to move the carbon-holders apart by hand by pressing each in the opposite direction to the other. ing performed the ratchet A will spring over the catch of the barrel A without engaging the wheel B, and owing to the movement thus imparted to the said barrel A its spring will be compressed again to the extent to which it has previously been expanded or slackened, with the result that the mechanism continues in the same operative position as before.

Figs. 11 and 12 illustrate a modification of the regulating device whereby the clockwork controlling the carbons is automatically stopped or started, as the case maybe. This modified regulator mainly consists of an armature B, adapted to be attracted by the core M of the eleetromagnet M, such armature being subjected to the action of a springz, whichtends to raise it. The tension of the spring .2 is variable at will by means of a set-screwr. The wire 7 instead of being (as in the arrangement first described) connected to the body of the lam p by the plate which su pports th e entire combination of parts that go to form the clockwork is here connected to a rod 9'', insulated from the plate r. Against the lower end of the rod or screw 0' rests a flat spring R secured above the armature R. The elevation of As this operation is be the said rod 0*" in relation to the flat spring R,, which elevation is adjustable at will, is such that normally-'11. 6., while the armature R. is not attracted by the core Mt he spring R touches the lower end of the rod r",while when the said armature R is attracted by the core M the said spring R no longer touches the said lower end of the screw-rod 1"". Hence a parallel circuit will be constantlymaintained so long as too great a resistance is not set up in the main circuit owing to the carbons being too far apart; but the moment the resistance in the main circuit increases and the amperage of the current passing through the parallel circuit and also consequently through the coil M becomes greater (with the result that the armature R is attracted by the core M) the said parallel circuit breaks or is opened, the spring R, and rod 0* having moved out of contact, and accordingly the armature R instantly resumes its initial position.

The armature R,just mentioned, is provided at its terminal S with a plate S, pivoted at S" to the square 8. The position of the plate S in relation to the sprocket-wheel is such that normally while the armature R is not attracted by the core M such plate S is interposed between two consecutive sprockets 0, thereby checking the motion of the wheel C. When, however, as previously mentioned, the armature R is attracted owing to the increase in the current passing through the parallel or derived connection the plate S, in consequence of the movementof the armature R, swings around upon its pivot S in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 12, and thus releases the sprockets 0, so that the wheel 0 is now at liberty to turn. Thus the motion of the carbon-holders is here controlled in a manner similar to that described above, with this difference, however, that the controlling effect is in this instance by a series of jerks, following upon each other in very rapid succession, inasmuch as the armature opens the derived or parallel circuit every time it is attracted.

The endless chain is at the lower part of the lamp subjected to the action of an adj ustable stretching or straining device T, enabling the requisite degree of tension to be at all times imparted to it. The lamp is, moreover, provided with suitable supension- Fl FIX/I I claim- 1. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of a pivoted frame, clock mechanism su'pported thereby, the same comprising a spring-barrel provided with an arbor, a ratchet-wheel on-the arbor of said barrel, a train of gears operated from said arbor and apawl pivoted on one of said gears and taking into said ratchet-wheel, and a pinion on said arbor,with a starting-electromagnet, an armature'carried by the said pivoted frame and adapted to be attracted by said eleetromagnet, an endless chain passing over said pinion, carbonholders operated by said chain, and a brake acting on said train of gears and suitably operated from a derived circuit, substantially as set forth.

In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of a pivoted frame, clock mechanism supported thereby, the same comprising aspring-barrel provided with an arbor, a train of gears, means for operating the same from said arbor and a sprocket-wheel in mesh with said train of gears, and a pinion on said arbor, with a starting-electromagnet, an armature carried by the pivoted frame and adapted to be attracted by said clectromagnet, an endless chain passing' over said pinion, carbon-holders operated by said chain, an auxiliaryelectromag'net connected in parallel with said starting-magnet, and a pivoted lever under the influence of said auxiliary electromagnet and provided with a pin or stud adapted to take into the teeth of said sprocket-wheel, substantially as set forth. I

In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of a pivoted frame, clock mechanism supportcd thereby, and a pinion carried thereby,with a starting-electromagnet, an armature therefor carried by the pivoted frame, an endless chain passing over said pinion, carbonholders operated by said chain, an auxiliary electromagnet connected in parallel with said starting-magnet, a pivoted brake-lever provided with a pin or stud adapted to engage one of the wheels of the clock mechanism, and acting as the armature of said auxiliary electromagnet, a coiled spring, and a casing in-' closing the same and to which one end of said spring is attached, the other end being attached to the pivot of said brake-lever,whereby there is obtained a length of arc corresponding to the current consumed, substantially as set forth.

t. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of the lamp-frame provided with tubular or hollow pillars, said pillars being slotted, one at the upper end and the other at the lower end, the carbon-holders guided on said pillars and provided with pins projecting through said slots, and the carbon-feeding mechanism, comprising an endless chain guided in said pillars,and into the links of which said pins are engaged, and means for operating said chain, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ADOIJPI'IE MOUGIN.

Vitnesses:

ED\\'ARD 1. MAOLEAN, V AX'roiNn RoUssAXNns,..lr. 

